Searching for Disa scullyi

CREW fieldtrips are seldom dull.  Kathy Milford compiled this report on a recent excursion:

The 4x4s packed with 10 wild flower lovers, wound their way up a steep hill to Lake Lyndhurst past magnificent indigenous forests dotted with Calodendron capense in full bloom. We passed many clumps of Dierama latifolium.

Lake Lyndhurst

Kobus Kruger who has a thatched home on the lakeside then led us past the lake where we saw a beautiful dark red Brunsvigia natalensis, just before we left the beaten track.

Brunsvigia natalensis

The 4x4s bumped and jolted their way over the boulder strewn mountainside up to the top of the escarpment, with a quick stop to look at the  white Craterocapsa tarsodes.

Craterocapsa tarsodes 1

The view from the top was spectacular. Umgeni source Bertha Kobus 1

We looked down onto the vlei which is the source of the life giving uMngeni river.

Umgeni source 1

The mountaintop of Drinkkop stood next to us. We were surrounded by beautiful flowers between the boulders in the grassland. The bright pink Delosperma lavisiae contrasted beautifully next to yellow Lotononis.

Delosperma lavisiae

The dainty little white flowers of Sutera floribunda peeped between the rocks. A Stachys kuntzei was in full bloom.

Stachys kuntzei

A most delicate white Felicia was blooming and Rhus discolor was in berry.

Rhus discolor 1

Jamesbrittenia breviflora spread along the ground

Jamesbrttenia breviflora 1

and Indigofera woodii bloomed next to a rock. Helichrysum appendiculatum looked like a professionally made posy!

Helichrysum appendiculatum 1

Scilla nervosa,

Scilla nervosa

Tulbaghia natalensis, Oxalis and a beautiful Moraea sp were blooming close together.Moraea sp

Some distance away the eye catching Pelargonium luridum stood tall.

But we had orchids to find, so we climbed into the 4x4s to make our way down the hill to a vlei between Drinkkop and Lake Lyndhurst. We had a quick stop to admire a Disperis cardiophora which has an extraordinary rich spicy scent – enticing us to get down on our hands and knees to smell it.

Disperis cardiophora

A bright little Argyrolobium was blooming nearby.

Argyrolobium sp

We arrived at the vlei and blooming on the side of a dry looking bank was a black Corycium dracomontanum or nigrescens orchid.

Corycium dracomontanum

We walked  down into the vlei passing Monsonia attenuata,

Monsonia attenuata

Wahlenbergia and Monopsis.

The vlei was unbelievably full of orchids. Satyrium trinerve 2

The white Satyrium trinerve were blooming in their hundreds and were the first to catch ones eye.

Satyrium trinerve

In between were dozens of  Satyrium longicauda.

satyrium

There was a single orange Disa chrysostachya looking like a poker.

Disa chrysostachya

The Disa rhodantha were a rich pink

Disa rhodantha

and the brightest yellow Schizochilus zeyheri were blooming prolifically in between the tall grasses.

There was one lonely potential Disa scullyi which was past its prime and which Benny Bytebier too back to the herbarium to confirm its identity. Yes! it is Disa scullyi – at last we found one!

Having saturated ourselves with the numbers and varieties of orchids we made our way back to the house next to the lake to recharge. We had made a brief stop en route to look at an extraordinary Disa versicolor.

Disa versicolor

After lunch we set off home. A short stop at a little vlei on the way out of the Bravazulu estate did not yield any new orchids but there were little insectivorous Drosera natalensis glistening in the sunlight at the edge.

Drosera natalenis

One lady got stuck up to her knees in mud in the vlei, with water overflowing from her gumboots and was pulled out by Benny before she was swallowed up by the mud!

Vlei orchid

The weather was kind to us – a bright blue sky with white fluffy clouds was replaced with dark grey storm clouds which soon blew over, unlike the hailstorm which caused damage back in Pietermaritzburg.

Kobus Kruger was an excellent guide and host, and Suvarna “the Stig” Parbhoo turned out to be an expert 4WD driver! Thanks to Benny Bytebier for sharing his amazing orchid knowledge.

 

Learning is Easier When it is Fun!

Everyone knows that you learn better when you are having fun. The Mpophomeni Conservation Group also know that there are plenty of opportunities for learning and fun right on their doorstop.  As the youngsters headed back to school last week, they had lots of stories to share about the variety of holiday activities organised by the Mpop Kidz Club facilitators Ayanda Lipheyana and Tutu Zuma.

Whenever they suggest a fieldtrip to explore the uMthinzima Stream to do some miniSASS and turbidity tests, a small crowd of enthusiastic youngsters interested in acquiring more knowledge about the environment, arrives.

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Early in December the younger members of the club learned about river health and the water creatures that indicate good quality water. They headed to the uMthinzima stream for a practical session. There was a manhole spilling into the river, so it was too dangerous to get in the water to do a miniSASS, but they did test the water clarity – it was only 3cm!

We talked about how a miniSASS test works and practiced pronouncing all the difficult words. Samke, in Grade 3 was curious “Why don’t we take frogs and fishes into consideration when doing miniSASS?” she asked. Noxolo, in Grade 7 explained that we only use aquatic invertebrates for the survey because they are easy to catch. “Sisebenza ngezilwanyana ezingenawo umgogodla.”

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A few days later, a group returned to do some proper mini SASS tests working their way up the stream from the very polluted area behind the Municipal Offices. It was lovely warm day and although it started to rain before we were finished, everyone enjoyed themselves.

mpop kidz walk along uMthinzima stream

At the first site they found worms, crabs, bugs and damselflies- a dismal score of 4.25. Further upstream the score improved to 5.2.

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As we walked, we passed small forest patches and the children took the opportunity to discuss alien plants and indigenous forest.

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At the third site we found mayflies, damselflies, bugs or beetle and caddisflies. There were lot of stones and fast flowing bubbling water – the stream was largely natural – in a Good condition.

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At site four we found flatworm, crabs, other mayflies, damselflies, dragonflies, caddis flies and true flies, but the score dropped to 6.5.The water clarity test was 64.

mpop kidz umthinzima stream mini sass

Exploring Nguga Stream

A small group of high school kids trekked across to the Nguga Stream on Goble’s Farm opposite Mpophomeni just before Christmas. During the morning, four children who live nearby were watching us and we called them to join in.mpop streams mini sass 104

The first spot we did a miniSASS test was just below Midmar Crushers. We found flatworms, Minnow mayflies, Damselflies and true flies – a score of only score of 3.5. The turbidity score was high – 50cm. There was a short discussion about what could be the reason for a low MinSASS average score when the water clarity was good? Ayanda explained “The MiniSASS average score shows that the site is in very poor condition and the water clarity score shows that the river condition is not that bad. Better water clarity does not mean water is in natural condition. If we can do MiniSASS in water that we drink from the tap. We will find no insect and the MiniSASS score will be zero while the water clarity is 100cm.” Asanda thought it was possible that at Midmar Crushers release some chemicals in the stream that kills insects but does not affect water clarity.

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Our next site was 100m downstream from the first. The MiniSASS average score improved to 4.25, but the water clarity test decreased from 50cm to 31cm. We noticed that between site1 and site 2 people were washing, children were swimming and cattle passing through the stream.mpop streams mini sass 147

Another 200m downstream we did another water clarity test and we got only 17cm! The site is spot where the surrounding community dump their rubbish. The manager of the area, Doug who joined us, said people are dumping rubbish in the stream because the Municipality does not collect rubbish for Nguga community. He suggested we start a petition and forward it to the counsellors or municipality authorities.

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As we walked we saw 2 dead goats in the stream and a leaking manhole. However, the sewage does not go straight into the stream, it spreads over the land and has formed a ‘sewage wetland’ near the stream. The MiniSASS test we conducted here was 3.8 and the water clarity has improved to 31cm We thought that the leaking manhole was not affecting the stream that much.mpop Nguga stream stream mini sass

Everyone enjoyed exploring a new stream and had fun making things from the clay on the banks.

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Exploring Nguga Forest

Early in January the MCG trailed across to the forested area near Nguga stream to learn about trees.

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In groups they identified 12 indigenous species and discussed the functions of each tree using the Sharenet Forest Community Handbook.

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They repeated the exercise in a plantation nearby and found only five species.

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They surprised a group of kids swimming in the stream! Eish, it was HOT!

kids swimming in nguga

Learners were given the pictures of a puzzle of environmental issues around rivers that they had to fix.  They gave feedback on what is wrong and how they did fix it.

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Nomfundo Mlotshwa said “I enjoyed myself today, it was great. I learned a lot of new things about gum trees and that there are many different species in an indigenous forest. In the indigenous forest there is more shade and the plants that grow there help one another to survive.”

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From the forest to the grassland – our next outing was up the hills that surround Mpophomeni to conduct a grassland study. We wanted to compare the grasses at the top of the hill and at the bottom. We were hoping to find more species at the top.

As we walked, participants remembered other times they had been up the hills. Bulelani Ngobese remembered that way back in 2009 he left his red cap on top while having a picnic and wondered if he would find it again!

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On top each group collected different species of grasses within a 9 metre square area for 15 minutes, then spent time identifying the different species using the Grasses of SA guide.

mpop kidz jan 014

We found 15 species of grasses but couldn’t identify all the species. We did identify thatching grass, red grass, brown needle grass, bristle grass and spear grass and discusses the functions of grasses and whether or not each species was palatable to cattle.

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We had a picnic of apples, eggs and fresh, cold water before heading back down the hill. At the bottom in the disturbed area we only managed to find 7 species of grass.

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Everyone really enjoyed the excursion. Phelelani Sibiya said “Sihambile kakhulu safunda.Sahlukanisa izinhlobo zotshani esizitholile saphinde sadla sasutha saqeda sahamba.” Tharibo Zondi added “Osukwini lanamhlanje sifunde lukhulu bengingazi ukuthi utshani buhlekene,sengizokwazi ukufundisa abanye abantu uma sibambisane singenza okugcono.”

We were all happy to conclude that our assumption was correct – we did find more species at the top of the mountain than at the bottom of the mountain.

mpop kidz jan 008

Tutu commented “The views were amazing, most of the kids had never been up here before. they could not believe how beautiful Mpophomeni looks from so high up.”

Children from Ethembeni Family Centre are keen to adopt part of the uMthinzima stream that is only 50m away, to keep the banks free of litter and monitor the condition of the water. The purpose of this excursion was to introduce the 22 kids and 4 adults to mini SASS.

mpop kidz jan 147

We walked from Mpophomeni Library to uMthunzima stream behind the Municipality offices near the sewage pumping station to do the first test. We found flatworm, redworm, damselflies, bugs, beetles and snails, the river is in very poor condition. The water clarity was only 9.00cm.

mpop kidz jan 138

It took about an hour to walk to the second site. Along the way we saw some indigenous trees. 10 year old, Anele Mgadi said”Ngiyasikhumbula lesi sihlahla umama wethu uSofe usake waifundisa ngaso e-centre.”   Then she thought for a while and said “umlahlankosi usetshenziselwa amadlozi.” Ziziphus mucronata or Buffalo Thorn.

mpop kidz jan 129

At the second site young John observed that the river condition was improving. We found caddisflies, true flies, damselfies, other mayflies, damselfies, minor mayflies, crabs and flatworm and our score was 5.7. The water clarity was 35cm

mpop kidz jan 082

The kids made notes about all that the found –

We should make sure that we keep the manholes clean so that we can drink clean water. We found a leaking stamkoko 3 years siqalile so that means 3 years makaka engena emanzini! We do not to have throw rubbish in the river, we can make many things with rubbish by recycling. We found some stones, we found some small insect living under small stones. Sabona isitamukoko sokugcina esingena emanzini uma ufuna ubhukuda. Bhukuda ngenhla kwaso not ngenzansi.

mpop kidz jan 081

We walked along the banks for another two hours passing some children swimming. In the clean clear water Nhlaka found a stonefly! “Look what I found. I found a big one.” He shouted, with no idea how exciting his find was. Our miniSASS score here was 9.

mpop kidz jan 059

Ayanda concludes “This was the one of best young groups I have had so far. They were all active and participating. We all had fine time and experienced new things together.”

For the very last excursion of the holidays, the kids asked if they could walk along the uMthinzima again to the top where the water is clean. 38 youngsters aged 8 to 19 and four adults joined in the river walk! They will be monitoring the stream at once a month and conducting regular clean-ups along the banks of the stream.

mpop kidz jan 108As expected, the river behind Municipal offices near the sewage pumping station gave us a very low score of 3.8. The water clarity was 6cm.

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We walked for the next three hours, not dawdling too much as the kids were keen to swim in the clean water at the top. We passed some other kids swimming along the way.

mpop kidz jan 079

Near the source of the stream, where it is natural condition, we found crabs, flatworm, snail, dragonfly, other mayflies, damselfly, bugs and beetle and caddisflies – a super score of 8. The water clarity was an amazing 97cm – what a difference from only 6cm further down! Everyone was happy to see clean water in uMthunzima stream and had fun exploring and splashing.mpop kidz jan 185

We explored the forested area on each side of the stream. It was lovely and cool.

mpop kidz jan 173

To conclude the day we used a picture building game. On one side the river is polluted while on the other side was in natural condition. All the kids were given different coloured crabs. Red crab (no life or poor condition), green crab (natural condition), purple crab (poor condition) and had to put the crabs into the poster where they think they belong.

Nosipho Mchunu, in Grade 6 loved the walk. “I have never been up here before, it was so beautiful, I loved it.”

mpop kidz jan 170

Tutu Zuma, MCG facilitator “We had a great day and hopefully the kids did learn new things.”

Now that’s a lot of lekker, local holiday activities! Thank you N3TC for supporting the Mpop Kidz Club.

Wonderful Community of World’s View

On a wonderful sunny morning this weekend, World’s View Conservancy enjoyed lovely support for their first Community project. This account is reproduced from their blog:  https://worldsviewconservancy.wordpress.com/

A few weeks ago, World’s View Conservancy members were most distressed to discover graffiti on the old stone walls of the Lookout point.

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On the 2nd January, 2015 they laid a complaint of criminal vandalism with the Hilton SAPS which will mean that these culprits will be treated with the full force of the law.

Both The Witness and The Mercury newspapers ran stories about this, leading to an influx of visitors to the Lookout to give support and denounce this behaviour.

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Early in January, on top of the unsightly graffiti, there was litter everywhere, weeds in the path and the grass was long.  Liam Muller and his friend Jay Tegg, learners at Grace College, were distressed by the mess.  They earn credits at school for doing community work and asked permission to tidy the place up!

They arrived at 8am, started picking up the litter, then proceeded to cut the grass with a brush cutter.  They also sprayed to pathways with weed killer, dug out the weeds along the memorial walls and swept after they were finished. Whilst they worked, numerous cars with people arrived at the Lookout and they were commended on their community work. The young men have offered to return again to help maintain the area.  How is that for Community spirit?

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On Saturday 24 January, mums, dads, kids and grannies came loaded with lawnmowers, brush cutters, spades and tree loppers to turn our ugly duckling into a swan again! Colin Scott brought his high pressure cleaner and eventually we cleaned the graffiti off the wall.

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Wives and husbands pulled weeds and cut back bushes whilst the kids helped by moving the rubbish to a central point. Everybody found a job they were comfortable with. Mrs Landman with her trusty lawnmower, set to and cut quite a large area of grass, whilst Carl Landman manned the brush cutter and disappeared into the longer areas.

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The flower beds were cleaned by gardeners drafted in for the morning. The pathways were sprayed with herbicide. Alien vegetation was cut back and daubed with Kaput. In the end, two bakkie loads of vegetation was taken to the local dump.

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Cristina Richardson kept the kettle boiling for tea and coffee whenever anyone needed a break and the muffins were divine! How wonderful to have 20 people turn out to look after a Pietermaritzburg treasure. Thank you everyone.

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The Chairmans’ Walk

Adrian Wilson, Chairman of Rosetta Nottingham Road Conservancy and Roy Tabernor, Chairman of Lions Bush Conservancy, recently undertook an experimental cross country walk from Nottingham Road to Fort Nottingham. This was, of course, with the permission of the relevant land owners. Adrian took the pictures and wrote this account.

A large part of the route was along the impressive ridge that runs between the two villages and ends in the newly proclaimed nature reserve at Fort Nottingham commonage, before the steep descent to Fort Nottingham.

fort notts view

Long shadows in the early morning, along with impossibly blue sky, impossibly green grass and impossibly blue dam.

long shadows

The route involved a number of fairly stiff climbs but the views from on top of the ridge were spectacular.

intrepid Roy setting a stiff pace up a steep climb

Springrove Dam and the Loteni Road on one side

springgrove dam

and the Dargle Valley, looking towards uMngeni Vlei,  on the other.

looking over Dargle to uMngeni vlei

Also interesting is the fact that this ridge is located on the catchment boundary between the Mooi and Umgeni Rivers.  At the top of a steep climb, looking back towards Nottingham Road.

looking back towards Nottingham Road

We admired the profusion of stunning wild flowers along the route, including Watsonia,

profusion of wildflowers

Cyanotis speciosa

cyanotis speciosa

Jamebritennia breviflora

jamesbritennia breviflora

Scilla nervosa

scilla nervosa

and lots of bracken with yellow Helichrysum in flower.

yellow bracken like plant

Might this be a Magic Mushroom?

magic mushroom

We surprised a yellow billed duck, and came upon her nest half way up a hill.

Nest of a yellow billed duck

Indigenous bush just below the summit of the ridge.

Indigenous bush just below the summit of the ridge

Strange stone structures on the commonage reminiscent of primitive man.

Strange stone structures

The walk took roughly 5 to 6 hours. At the end, Roy and Adrian, overlooking Fort Nottingham village speculated on whether there would be a broader interest in such cross country walks in the beautiful Natal Midlands under the banner of ‘The Chairmans’ Walk’. There must be endless possibilities.

Bird’s eye view of Fort Nottingham

 

Karkloof Wildlife Sightings – December 2014

Tempus fugit! The older I get, the faster it seems to “fugit”! I presume everyone has made (and already broken) their New Year revolutions (sic). You got lucky this month, as several Karkloofers have sent in some interesting reports, thereby relieving the strain on my typing finger, to say nothing of the brain strain involved in producing readable matter!

Karkloof Conservation Centre

There were plenty of Common Reedbuck seen at both hides, as well as 2 Oribi on one occasion. We saw a pair of Blue Cranes and various pairs of Grey Crowned Cranes daily. There were limited sightings of the beautiful Wattled Cranes. Remember to vote for the Blue Crane as South Africa’s favourite bird on the Birdlife South Africa’s pole: http://www.birdlife.org.za/vote.

We were delighted to see 5 South African Shelduck on the Gartmore pan. They’re usually on Loskop pan, but due to the dry season the water level is drastically low. Although visitors don’t like the temporary lack of water, from a conservation aspect it has created a unique environment which may offer a home to a different variety of bird and animal species. We can only begin to imagine who the potential residents can be. It may even offer a prime nesting site for a pair of Grey Crowned Cranes who have been frequently scouting that area and dancing like their future love life depends on it!

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We have had lovely sightings of the African Paradise-Flycatchers in the avenue of trees. The Fan-tailed Widowbirds, Long-tailed Widowbirds and Red-collared Widowbirds were easily identified, as many of the males are in their attractive breeding plumage. Pin-tailed Whydahs are out in full force and we’re sure that they wake up on the wrong side of the nest each day.

Just when we spoke about not seeing the Common Moorhen for a long time, they decided to populate the Gartmore pan. We have had fewer sightings of the African Rail since then, however we still see many Black Crake.

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One guest made a note that they saw a Wood Sandpiper. Our overseas visitors included healthy flocks of Barn Swallows

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and White Storks. They enjoy the farming activity with the tractors offering them a free “all-you-can-eat” buffet of insects. A little fact about White Storks is that their red legs often appear white because they excrete on them to cool down and is termed urohydrosis – a useful trick in this hot weather that we’ve been having.

We have also had good sightings of White-breasted Cormorants, Red-billed Teal, White-faced Ducks,

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Yellow-billed Ducks, the African Fish-Eagle, the   African Marsh-Harrier, Jackal Buzzards, Steppe Buzzards, Yellow-billed Kites, Giant Kingfishers, Pied Kingfishers, Diderick Cuckoos, Little Rush-Warblers, a Dark-capped Yellow Warbler and Amethyst Sunbirds.

People tend to associate the Conservation Centre with birds, and whilst our emphasis is on birds, the whole concept of conservation relates to all species, whether they are tiny insects, flowers or mammoth mammals, we have a duty to ensure a species’ survival for future generations.

Glasswoks/Old Pine Cabin – Peta and Shaun Crookes

A lady from Durban North asked permission to hunt in the bush for these elusive Velvet worms. Her first trip was unsuccessful, but on her next try she got lucky, finding this chap on the edge of the forest inside a soft rotten log. She carefully removed him and took him back to Durban where he was filmed for a National Geographic documentary.

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A week later she transported him back here in his big box of mulch and bark and placed him safely back in his home. So there you go, a little known fact in the Karkloof is that we have a movie star living right here!

Pat: My copy of The Wild Life of Southern Africa ed. Vincent Carruthers says of velvet worms ”…represents evolutionary link between earthworms and arthropods.” Did you know we also have a missing link in the Karkloof?!

Mbona Private Reserve – Richard Booth

The first picture is that of a Rain frog’s nest which I found in our forest – a bag of jelly with eggs inside it. The tadpoles apparently feed on this jelly after hatching.

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The second photograph is of a Ground Orchid, Disperis lindleyana, and is flowering in the forest.

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On the 29 December, we had a sighting of a single Cape Teal which was in the company of Yellow-billed Ducks on Lake Crystal on Mbona. This bird is not previously on our bird list, so it’s an exciting find.

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Gareth (our assistant manager) found a Steppe Buzzard with damaged wing feathers which was unable to fly. He managed to catch it and kept it in our holding pen where healthy feathers grew back enabling us to release it after 2 weeks.

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Bird ringing at Gartmore Hide – Karin Nelson  Pat: This article is from Karin Nelson who once a month arrives at “sparrow’s” and spends a considerable amount of time erecting her mist nets and then ringing, weighing and measuring the birds she catches before releasing them back into the wild. I have often been asked why birds are ringed, and I think her account of the Red-headed Quelea should answer any questions.

On the 22 December, we had a great morning ringing in cool,   heavily overcast weather. I was accompanied by Shane McPhearson (PhD candidate working on Crowned Eagles), Tim van der Meer, and Kate Beer, students from Holland and New Zealand respectively.

We managed to ring 42 birds, which included 15 different species and 8 recaptures. New ringing species for Gartmore were the Spectacled Weaver and the Long-crested Eagle.

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The Red-headed Quelea is a recapture and was initially ringed at Cedara by the late James Wakelin on 3 January 2006! Awesome.

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Shane is a registered raptor ringer, so we decided to add to our capture diversity by trying for a bird of prey. Thus, the Long-crested Eagle was added to our ringing list. Handsome young fellow he was (the bird I mean!). Probably a sub-adult male as can be seen by his older dull-brown plumage on his back beginning to moult into dark brown adult plumage. After being measured and weighed he was safely released back into the green pastures where he had been captured.

Pat: I drove back to Howick soon after his release, and, sitting on a telephone pole near the release site was a Long-crested Eagle examining his leg.

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Other birds ringed included:

  • 8 x Common Waxbill
  • 6 x Red-billed Quelea
  • 5 x African Reed-Warbler
  • 5 x Southern Red Bishop
  • 4 x African Stonechat
  • 3 x Fan-tailed Widowbirds
  • 2 x Village Weavers
  • 2 x Levaillant’s Cisticola
  • 1 x Yellow-fronted Canary
  • 1 x Cape White-eye
  • 1 x Cape Wagtail
  • 1 x Amethyst Sunbird.

The forest (UCL) – Twane Clarke

In December, Carolyn invited me to join Dave and Sally Johnson and a couple of others on an expedition through a patch of forest on UCL property in order to identify various trees. Dave and Sally are passionate botanists and shared a wealth of knowledge on how to identify the myriad of trees. What fascinated me the most is that they don’t need any reference books, so their backpacks were much lighter than mine!

We started off with an incredible sighting of a Cicada shedding its exoskeleton and emerging as an adult. This Cicada would have just surfaced as a nymph from underground where it would have spent most of its lifespan feeding on xylem sap from roots. The name is a direct derivation of the Latin cicada which means “tree cricket”. Most cicadas go through a life-cycle that lasts from two to five years and some have a much longer life cycle of 13 to sometimes 17 years!

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We were shown the difference between the 3 different Yellowwoods, namely the Henkel’s, Outeniqua and and Real. We experienced the pungent smell of Clausena anisata (Horsewood), suitably named by the     Afrikaaners as “perdepis”, compared to the lovely citrus fragrance of the Zanthoxylum capense (Knobwood). We became fluent in Latin by the end of the outing, as Dave and Sally have the strict belief of learning the scientific names, which often give away the characteristics of the trees and therefore assisting the identification process.

We also used our binoculars to view leaves on trees (something new to me and my traumatised binoculars, as we’re both used to spotting animals and birds). To ease the shock of the incident, we, together with Peter and Anita Divall who had a similar experience, managed to sneak in some forest birding and spotted some great feathered friends: African Paradise-Flycatcher, Black Cuckoo, Black-backed Puffback, Black-headed Oriole, Cape Batis, Chorister Robin-Chat, Collared Sunbirds, Dark-backed Weaver, Drakensberg Prinia, Dusky Flycatcher, Forest Canaries, Knysna Turaco, Red-chested Cuckoo and the Southern Double-collared Sunbirds.

Gartmore Farm – Charlie McGillivray

On the 18th December there was great excitement at the MacGillivray homestead. A Boomslang found out that Charlie was fond of protecting birds and decided that there must be some juicy eggs available for an omelette!  They discovered this long, robust and magnificent reptile when they heard a commotion by birds (similar to that of a dispute in parliament) outside and decided to see what the fuss is about. Surprise, surprise!

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Fracking – Boom, Bust, Banned?

Despite the occasional drizzle this summer, we have not had our usual rainfall.  We are experiencing a drought as anyone who observes dam levels will have noticed.   Can you imagine the state we would be in if frackers had contaminated our groundwater?

Prospecting licences to explore fracking options in KZN may not seem like such a great asset following the news that New York State has banned fracking.  However, we still need to be on the alert as the opportunity to make some money in the short term is usually high on the agenda of mining companies.

The Midlands Conservancies Forum falls within a National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area.   In order to determine the amount of shale gas present in the Midlands and its viability as an energy source, prospecting will need to take place.  This activity has the potential to affect ground-water quality.

A collation of some recent articles about some of the issues that have hit the headlines recently, follows.f13

Increased production from US fracking operations is a major reason for the drop in oil prices, but there are warnings that the industry now faces a crisis. There’s no doubt that US-based fracking – the process through which oil and gas deposits are blasted from shale deposits deep underground – has caused a revolution in worldwide energy supplies. Yet now the alarm bells are ringing about the financial health of the fracking industry, with talk of a mighty monetary bubble bursting − leading to turmoil on the international markets similar to that in 2008. In many ways, it’s a straightforward case of supply and demand. Due to the US fracking boom, world oil supply has increased.

Glut in supplies But with global economic growth now slowing – the drop in growth in China isparticularly significant – there’s a lack of demand and a glut in supplies, leading to a fall in price of nearly 50% over the last six months.

Fracking has become a victim of its own success. The industry in the US has grown very fast. In 2008, US oil production was running at five million barrels a day. Thanks to fracking, that figure has nearly doubled, with talk of US energy self-sufficiency and the country becoming the world’s biggest oil producer – “the new Saudi Arabia” – in the near future.

The giant Bakken oil and gas field in North Dakota – a landscape punctured by thousands of fracking sites, with gas flares visible from space – was producing 200,000 barrels of oil a day in 2007. Production is now running at more than one million barrels a day. The theory is that OPEC is trying to drive the fracking industry from boom to bust

Fuelled by talk of the financial rewards to be gained from fracking, investors have piled into the business. The US fracking industry now accounts for about 20% of the world’s total crude oil investment. But analysts say this whole investment edifice could come crashing down.

Fracking is an expensive business. Depending on site structure, companies need prices of between $60 and $100 per barrel of oil to break even. As prices drop to around $55 per barrel, investments in the sector look ever more vulnerable. Analysts say that while bigger fracking companies might be able to sustain losses in the short term, the outlook appears bleak for the thousands of smaller, less well-financed companies who rushed into the industry, tempted by big returns he fracking industry’s troubles have been added to by the actions of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which, despite the oversupply on the world market, has refused to lower production.

The theory is that OPEC, led by powerful oil producers such as Saudi Arabia, is playing the long game – seeking to drive the fracking industry from boom to bust, stabilise prices well above their present level, and regain its place as the world’s pre-eminent source of oil.

There are now fears that many fracking operations may default on an estimated $200 billion of borrowings, raised mainly through bonds issued on Wall Street and in the City of London. In turn, this could lead to a collapse in global financial markets similar to the 2008 crash.

Existing reserves

There are also questions about just how big existing shale oil and gas reserves are, and how long they will last. A recent report by the Post Carbon Institute, a not-for-profit thinktank based in the US, says reserves are likely to peak and fall off rapidly, far sooner than the industry’s backers predict. The cost of drilling is also going up as deposits become more inaccessible.

Besides ongoing questions about the impact of fracking on the environment − in terms of carbon emissions and pollution of water sources − another challenge facing the industry is the growth and rapidly falling costs of renewable energy.

Fracking operations could also be curtailed by more stringent regulations designed to counter fossil fuel emissions and combat climate change. Its backers have hyped fracking as the future of energy − not just in the US, but around the world. Now the outlook for the industry is far from certain. – Climate News Network

f15

The Economist published an article entitled Sheiks vs Shale in December – a different take on the same issue. An extract:

In June the price of a barrel of oil, then almost $115, began to slide; it now stands close to $70 (ML – that was in December; now $47!). This near -40% plunge (ML – now nearly -60%!) is thanks partly to the sluggish world economy, which is consuming less oil than markets had anticipated, and partly to OPEC itself, which has produced more than markets expected. But the main culprits are the oilmen of North Dakota and Texas. Over the past four years, as the price hovered around $110 a barrel, they have set about extracting oil from shale formations previously considered unviable. Their manic drilling—they have completed perhaps 20,000 new wells since 2010, more than ten times Saudi Arabia’s tally—has boosted America’s oil production by a third, to nearly 9m barrels a day (b/d). That is just 1m b/d short of Saudi Arabia’s output. The contest between the shalemen and the sheikhs has tipped the world from a shortage of oil to a surplus.

There are signs that such a shake-out is already under way. The share prices of firms that specialise in shale oil have been swooning. Many of them are up to their derricks in debt. Even before the oil price started falling, most were investing more in new wells than they were making from their existing ones. With their revenues now dropping fast, they will find themselves overstretched. A rash of bankruptcies is likely. That, in turn, would bespatter shale oil’s reputation among investors. Even survivors may find the markets closed for some time, forcing them to rein in their expenditure to match the cash they generate from selling oil. Since shale-oil wells are short-lived (output can fall by 60-70% in the first year), any slowdown in investment will quickly translate into falling production.

This shake-out will be painful. But in the long run the shale industry’s future seems assured. Fracking, in which a mixture of water, sand and chemicals is injected into shale formations to release oil, is a relatively young technology, and it is still making big gains in efficiency. IHS, a research firm, reckons the cost of a typical project has fallen from $70 per barrel produced to $57 in the past year, as oilmen have learned how to drill wells faster and to extract more oil from each one. The firms that weather the current storm will have masses more shale to exploit. Drilling is just beginning (and may now be cut back) in the Niobrara formation in Colorado, for example, and the Mississippian Lime along the border between Oklahoma and Kansas. Nor need shale oil be a uniquely American phenomenon: there is similar geology all around the world, from China to the Czech Republic. Although no other country has quite the same combination of eager investors, experienced oilmen and pliable bureaucrats, the riches on offer must eventually induce shale-oil exploration elsewhere. The Economistf7

You are welcome to use the info-graphics included in the post as you wish. Should you prefer high resolution images, or others useful for use as email, Facebook or website banners, please email info@midlandsconservanciesforum.org.za and we will send them to you.

For more information and other interesting articles, see: http://www.midlandsconservancies.org.za/prpagefracking.php

 

 

Elusive Orchids of Mahaqwa

Midlands CREW arranged a field trip to Mahaqwa, also known as Bulwer Mountain, in the hope of finding flowering orchids with enchanting names like Disperis cardiophora, Satyrium neglectum, Disa versicolor, Disperis renibractea. We didn’t find them.

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 01 P1020287

Many species are flowering later than usual this year and obviously, we were a little early. We did however find plenty of other delights to satisfy our passion for plant hunting. Including: Protea caffra and Protea roupellia, Morea inclinata,

IMG_3225

Aristea woodii,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Aristea woodii P1020308

Schizoglossum elingue (a first for most of us),

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Schizoglossum elingue IMG_2500

usually with white flowers, but a few pink flowered ones too.

IMG_3235

Wahlenbergia sp,

IMG_3238

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Wahlenbergia sp with pollinator P1020248

Senecio macrocephallus, really tall specimens of Geranium pulchrum beside a stream,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Geranium pulchrum P1020260

Gunnera – used medicinally during childbirth and in Lesotho the raw stems are eaten as sweets,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Geranium pulchrum and Gunnera perpensa P1020258

Helichrysum spiralepsis,

IMG_3231

Lotononis lotonoides, Helichrysum splendidum, Ranuculus baurii with big leaves

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Ranunculus baurii P1020261

and the dainty little Ranunculus multifidus,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Ranunculus multifidus P1020255

Silene belladoides, Epilobium capense 

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Epilobium capense P1020269

Ornithogalum graminifolium, Urginea macrocentra  

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Urginea macrocentra IMG_2508

Stachys kuntzei,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Stachys kuntzei P1020259

Agapanthus campanualata, Mysotis semiplexicaulis

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Mysotis semiplexicaulis P1020264

A curious fern like leaf that must have be part of the parsley family, perhaps Anthriscus sylvestris?

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley pos ID P1020265

We spent ages trying to decide if the slender Kniphofia parviflora was in fact that,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Kniphofia parvifolia _ IMG_2507 Alchemilla woodii

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Alchemilla woodii P1020262

Commelina africana, Drosera natalensis 

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Drosera natalensis P1020279

Sebea sedoide,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Sebea sedoide IMG_2509

Of course, we don’t just look at the plants, we spotted a African Harrier Hawk swirling below us and heard Barrett’s Warbler.  Saw these beautiful butterflies too.  Might this one be a Marsh Blue?

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 03 Butterfly Marsh Blue pos ID IMG_2510

and this possibly a False Silver-bottom Brown?

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 03 Butterfly Flase Silver-bottom Brown pos ID IMG_2522

Gaudy Commodore on Erica caffrarum,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 03 Butterfly Gaudy Commodore IMG_2519

Rubus ludwigii,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Rubus ludwigii IMG_2515

Morea trifida,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Moraea trifida P1020270

Hypericum lalandii,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Hypericum lalandii P1020272

Plenty of Brunsvegia undulata (not in flower yet), Dierama,

IMG_3263

Ajuga ophrydis,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Ajuga ophrydis P1020274

Berkheya macrocephala (also not flowering yet), Scabiosa columbaria, Indigofera hedyantha,

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Indigofera hedyantha P1020284

Alepidea natalensis , Streptocarpus pussilus,  Cycnium racemosa

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Cycnium racemosum IMG_2506

Eriosema distinctum, Craterocapsa tarsodes, Heliophila rigidiuscula, Aspidonepsis diploglossa,

IMG_3275

Delosperma hirtum

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Delosperma hirtum Fruits IMG_2527

Rhodohypoxis baurii with this tiny crab spider.

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 03 Crab spider on Rhodohypoxis baurii P1020304
Aspidonepsis flava

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Aspidonepsis flava P1020299

Zaluzianskya microsiphon

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Zaluzianskya microsiphon P1020276

Lotononis pulchella

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Lotononis pulchella P1020252

Lotononis corymbosa

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Lotononis corymbosa P1020309

We puzzled over a very tall Helichrysum with red stems and clasping leaves. Anyone know what species it is? Thanks Alison Young for providing an id – Helichrysum mutabile .

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Helichrysum sp P1020254

and this – possibly Muralita sp

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Muralita sp pos ID P1020278

We climbed to 2013m above sea level – the views of the surrounding valleys were spectacular.

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 01 P1020298

On the way back down, we did come across a few orchids, yay! – Satyrium longicauda and Disa stachyoides.

2015 01 04 CREW Mahaqwa 02 Disa stachyoides IMG_2528

As we enjoyed a picnic (Eve’s Lebkuchen were particularly memorable), hang gliders launched themselves from the edge of the mountain and floated past like giant dragon flies. A special day with unexpected surprises – you never know how adventures will turn out.

Thank you Eve Hughes and Christeen Grant for the photographs.

IMG_3262

 

Dargle Wildlife Sightings – December 2014

Marashene Lewis – Glen Gyle

I took the photograph one morning from our guest bedroom upstairs. The view is looking towards the D707 as it meandered down the hill to join the D17.

marashene sunrise

Helen Booysen – Kilgobbin Cottage

Came across this large snail up in the hills on Carlisle,

IMG_2084

and spotted this beautiful moth on the same walk.

IMG_2079

Andrew Pridgeon – Copperleigh Farm

Saw a Water Mongoose cross the road just before the entrance gate to the farm. Di Droste photographed this:

Rinkhals

Pat McKrill’s Comment: “Your snake is a rinkhals – looks like a juvenile with attitude. You’ll find a few colour and pattern variations around that might lead to a bit of confusion, but the basic jizz of the variegated version shown in your pic is diagnostic.”

Pat and Sandra Merrick – Albury Farm

Another month of misty grey days. I am always alerted by the special cry of the fish eagles as they fly overhead. Seen them high in the sky at least 4 times in past month. A pair of red necked francolin woke us at 5am one morning but ran into the shrubs before I could get a picture. The secretary bird walking the hills on a few occasions and also seen flying over farm. Common Stone chats are common.

Common stonechat

Hundreds of white butterflies flew into the garden on the 30th November and there were also dozens of dragon flies on the same day, so the swallows were having a field day.

brown veined butterfly on a felicia wrightii

colourful butterfly

A handful of white stork arrived on the 1st december and they are still here in the lands. Don’t know what happened to the rest of them. All the widow birds left end of november. Only one lonely chap left.

our only red collared  widow bird left

Our 2 wagtail babies left the nest on the 27th november and decided to shelter in my miniature rose bushes in front of the house, where mom fed them for about a week, before they started venturing forth to find their own food.  wagtail baby

One afternoon they both found a worm and rushed into the roses, only to rush out again being chased by an olive thrush. She loves going in there to pick up frogs as our water feature is also there and an attraction for the frogs. They now fly around the garden and love hopping in and out of the rocks looking for insects.

2 babies on the rocks

We had 2 cape canaries laying last month. One in the standard rose and the other in a standard duranta. One lot hatched out on the 9th dec with 2 babies and the other one on the 10th dec with 2 babies. Unfortunately on the 16th dec I found that my standard roses braches were broken, and a tattered nest with no week old babies. There were no prints below the rose, so I can only presume that a gymnogene had taken them. The other 2 babies are doing fine so far except that my cat is intrigued by the cheeping.

A grey heron came to visit in the garden one morning.

Grey heron

Pat saw one of the sparrow hawks eating a bird in the pastures.  Lots of red billed Queleas around.

red billed male quelea

One afternoon a small baby jackal, still with its fluffy hair ran in front of the car and into the wattle plantation on our farm. Saw 2 duiker in a chase across the hills.

One morning saw a mother oribi and her young male son running across the hill in front of the house.

Mom and male baby oribi running across the hill

A black sunbird and his mate are building a nest which looks almost complete, on the glass shade of our verandah.

female black sunbird

The black sunbirds nest on our verandah

Every few days the Steppe buzzard comes and perches on our dead tree next to the pond.

This steppe buzzard

Saw a grey mongoose running around the D18 at midday – Don’t see them much during the day. The birds all seem very busy nesting or finding food for their young – all in a great hurry. Cape Robin in my formal garden with a whole clump of something in its beak.

cape robin with a mouthful

Ashley Crookes – Copperleigh Farm

Luckily a cellphone is always on hand (well, except in extreme situations when you actually really need them…) so I managed to capture a few locusts this month on the farm.

Red and Blue Grasshopper

Nikki Brighton – Old Kilgobbin Farm

I like looking up. You always see something interesting. This month, African spoonbill, Grey Heron, lots of Spurwinged Geese, Jackal Buzzards, Swallows, Cormorants, Knysna Turacos, Crowned and Blue Cranes have flown over my head. I was delighted to see a Blue Crane at ground level too.

r December blue crane

Once my gaze shifted from the sky to the earth there were so many summer delights at ground level. Only one in six plants in healthy grassland are actually grasses, perfectly illustrated by this selection.Satyrium longicauda,

December flowers Satyrium longicauda

 Kouhoutia amatymbica,

Dec kouhautia

Dipcadi viride,

December Dipcadi viride

Eulophia foliosa,

December Eulophia foliosa

Ajuga,

December flowers Ajuga

Anthericum,

December flowers anthericum

Aristea,

December flowers Aristea

Cephalaria oblongifolia,

December flowers Cephalaria oblongifolia

Cyanotis speciosa,

December flowers cyanotis

Cyphia longifolia,

December flowers Cyphia longifolia

Diclis reptans,

December flowers Diclis

Hypericum lalandii,

December flowers Hypericum lalandii

Lobelia erinus,

December flowers lobelia

Pentanisia,

December flowers pentanisia

Rhodohypoxis baurii,

December flowers rhodohypoxis

Scilla nervosa,

December flowers Scilla nervosa

Senecio (discodregeanus?),

December flowers senecio discodregeanus

Silene bellidoides,

December flowers Silene

Trachyandra,

December flowers trachyandra

Tulbaghia natalensis,

December flowers tulbahgia natalensis

Psammotropha mucronata,

December Psammotropha

Senecio oxyriifolius,

December Senecio oxy

Sisyanthus trichostomus,

December Sisyanthus trichostomus

Vernonia hirsuta,

December Vernonia hirsuta

Senecio setosa,

senecio setosa

Hermannia depressa,

Hermannia

Hypoxis parvula,

Hypoxis parvula

Zantedeschia albomaculata,

December flowers Zantedeschia

Hibiscus trionum,

Hibiscus trionum

Ledebouria,

Ledebouria

Hesperantha baurii,

Hesperantha baurii

Gerbera ambigua.

Gerbera ambigua

Two new exciting finds I never seen on the farm before were: Psorolea abottii and

summer 2015 107 - Copy

Knipophia breviflorus (if I have the id correct, that is!)

knipophia breviflora

Although this photo of Stachys aethiopica is out of focus, I had to include it – just look at those hairs on the stem. Isn’t it fun when you download your photos and discover a whole lot of interesting things you never realised were there in the field?

December flowers Stachys DOTS and HAIRS

Saw two Bushbuck, a few Common Duiker and a couple of Scrub Hares, big troops of Samango monkeys and 8 Reedbuck.

r December reedbuck group

Heard tree dassies, jackals, Wood Owls, Barn Owls, Burchell’s Coucal, Buff spotted Flufftail, African Cuckoo, Red Chested Cuckoo. Am thoroughly enjoying watching Weavers build their nests right outside my kitchen door – so fast and such enthusiasm!

r weaver building nest

There seem to be masses of insects about, pollinating everything in flower. Loved this gorgeous wasp on Vernonia.

r December wasp on Vernonia natalensis

Boston Wildlife Sightings – December 2014

Rose Dix – guest at Boston T-Party

Our New Year was spent at the beautiful premises of Rory and Sue (such warm and welcoming hosts, despite the varied needs of 20 hikers!). Jon led us on the Nhlosane hike –  which  presents us with a steep climb which  had the younger ones racing ahead, while we plodded sedately and breathlessly after them. For me, the cherry on the top, was meeting up with Nikki Brighton on top and we exchanged a rapturous greeting which remains a highlight of my trip.

rose and nikki

After a brief respite , we went down the back way to the Waterfall on Furth Stream. At this point, we were joined by a lovely dog who wouldn’t respond to our efforts to get him to return from whence he had arrived.  After lunching at the Waterfall, we climbed up yet another steep incline which brought us to  the Impendhle Road and started the long plod towards home – being Everglades Hotel where we had left our cars. By now, we were all worried about our Dog-Friend because he wouldn’t leave us, and he  was looking very concerned about his whereabouts.  So it was with infinite relief that the owner of Everglades welcomed him home with open arms. A lovely end to a lovely day.

inhlosane dec 2014 210

For those of us who consider a days rest a fate-worse-than-death, Rory came to our rescue the following day and most kindly took our diminished party of  6 on a magnificent hike on Edgeware across the road from Boston T Party.

boston hike with rory

Our hiking companions – and Rory – were indulgent  of my enthusiasm and patiently waited  in the misty dizzle while I rolled around in the wet grass photographing various flowers – the most exciting of which was this Bonatea speciosa. As my enthusiasm far surpasses my knowledge, a  many friends were bombarded with requests for an ID. Thank you to those who came to my rescue. I had taken my Mountain Flowers book and this beautiful plant wasn’t in that one – it was in the book which I had left at home (naturally).

bonatea.speciosa close up jpg

The following day, Rory again led us (this time, the full contingent of about 20) on yet another hike – on Mondi property. Taking in a magnificent waterfall where we saw Eucomis, Sandersonia and even a Littonia. As this was a HIKE (in capital letters), there wasn’t much chance to photographing flowers in detail.

IMG_0106

The  stiff climb out of the waterfall valley drowned out all thought, except for the delicate call of an Emerald Cuckoo and TWO Red Chested Cuckoos who  persistently communicated with each other. I identified two Jackal Buzzards as Crowned Eagles and Rory gently corrected me…eek!!! (Well, they do SOUND vaguely similar don’t they?) Thank you to Rory and Sue for all you did to make this New Year one of the Very Best we have had for many years. Boston is brilliant!

IMG_0049

Crystelle WIlson – Gramarye 
Once again I realised there is always something new to be found when out birding even in an area done many times before. This time I spotted a bird that behaved like a Tawny-flanked Prinia, but because I haven’t seen it during the SABAP2 period over the past seven years, I paid closer attention and saw it was a Lazy Cisticola – “a bird with prinia-like behaviour”. The giveaway is that the prinia has a grey head, while the cisticola has a rufous-coloured head.

Boston_3062_Lazy-Cisticola

In my garden I investigated the alarm calls of a party of birds and discovered a Spotted Eagle-Owl sitting in a tree outside my bedroom window. I saw it several times during the month and really hope it will take up residence.

Boston_3107_Spotted-Eagle-Owl

Before Christmas we watched pairs of African Paradise Flycatchers Boston_3215_African-Paradise-Flycatcher

and Cape White-eyes building nests in the same tree within metres of each other outside the kitchen and I am keeping a close watch on the breeding developments.

IMG_4697_3275_Cape-White-eye

The Greater Striped Swallows are feeding their chicks in the nest under the kitchen verandah.

IMG_4161_2966_Boston_Greater-Striped-Swallow

I am concerned about the lack of Amur Falcons I’ve seen in the district, only a handful at most instead of numbering close to a hundred in past seasons.  In the wetland I was pleased to find the butterfly gladioulus, Gladiolus papilio and the small arum lily, Zantedeschia albomaculata.

IMG_4169_2974_Boston_Zantedeschia-albomaculata

The atlas list for the Elandshoek pentad 2935_3000 was: Wing-snapping Cisticola, Cape Canary, Forest Canary, White Stork, Blue Crane, African Fish-Eagle, Brown-throated Martin, African Darter, Red-capped Lark, African Hoopoe, Black-headed Oriole, Pied Crow, Brimstone Canary, Reed Cormorant, White-breasted Cormorant, Natal Spurfowl, Speckled Pigeon, Southern Double-collared Sunbird, Red-winged Starling, Yellow Bishop, Pale-crowned Cisticola,

Boston_3058_Pale-crowned-Cisticola

Lazy Cisticola,

Boston_3077_Lazy-Cisticola

African Emerald Cuckoo, Red-chested Cuckoo, Wailing Cisticola, Common Moorhen, Sombre Greenbul, Blacksmith Lapwing, African Firefinch, African Pipit, Cape Wagtail, Long-tailed Widowbird,

Boston_3107_Long-tailed-Widowbird

Jackal Buzzard, Pied Starling, Steppe Buzzard, Amur Falcon, Zitting Cisticola, Olive Thrush,

Boston_3249_Olive-Thrush

Pin-tailed Whydah, African Sacred Ibis, Fork-tailed Drongo, Red-knobbed Coot, Little Grebe, Cape Weaver, African Dusky Flycatcher,

Boston_3263_African-Dusky-Flycatcher

African Paradise-Flycatcher, Southern Boubou, Long-crested Eagle, Speckled Mousebird, Buff-spotted Flufftail, House Sparrow, Southern Grey-headed Sparrow, Cape Sparrow, Sunbird, Amethyst, Cape White-eye, Dark-capped Bulbul, Black Saw-wing, Cape Longclaw, Yellow-billed Kite, Levaillant’s Cisticola, Malachite Kingfisher, Common Waxbill, Spur-winged Goose, Barn Swallow, White-throated Swallow, Dark-capped Yellow Warbler, Burchell’s Coucal, Cattle Egret,

IMG_4170_2975_Boston_Cattle-EgretAfrican Black Duck, Common Quail, Diderick Cuckoo, Cape Grassbird, Yellow-fronted Canary, African Stonechat, Egyptian Goose, Cape Crow, Yellow-billed Duck, Bokmakierie, Greater Striped Swallow, Red-billed Quelea, Common Fiscal, Cape Robin-Chat, Cape Turtle-Dove, Red-eyed Dove, Hadeda Ibis, Drakensberg Prinia, Red-necked Spurfowl, Red-collared Widowbird, Fan-tailed Widowbird, Southern Red Bishop, Grey Crowned Crane, Village Weaver, Little Rush-Warbler, African Reed-Warbler, Red-chested Flufftail, Black-winged Lapwing, Amur Falcon.

Bruce and Bev Astrup – Highland Glen

The sight of the month was when a great noise was heard from the free-range fowls – rushed to their rescue as Mongoose and a variety of other predators have been known to help themselves. We found a juvenile Monitor Lizard, making its embarrassed way along the path with a whole flock of the fowls behind, escorting it off the premises. Now it is not known whether it had already snacked on a few newly laid eggs or not, thereby having no further appetite, but the scene was unusual. The pair of Reedbuck remain in evidence, next to the garden fence.

Barbara and David Clulow were visiting Boston at the request of CREW representatives from Durban, who asked to be shown how to enter Edgeware to seek the elusive Asclepias bicuspis and Schizoglossum bidens near the summit at 1500 metres. Together with Chris Wahlberg and we two, the party included Hlengiwe Mtshali and Mbali Mkhize of CREW staff. The Midlands Conservancies blog post is available for viewing, so details are not repeated, but the successful finds of the two plants sought, justifies repetition.  Here is Barbara’s photo of the Schizoglossum of which 12 were found in the limited area searched

Schizoglossum-bidens

and only one sample of the Asclepias.

Asclepias-bicuspis

Temptation to show photos of two other flowers amongst the masses of species on the hill – a Sandersonia aurantiaca, blooming in timely proximity to December 25

Sandersonia-aurantiaca

and a new species for Edgeware, four plants of the Disa crassicornis, with the eager CREW folk admiring them.

CREW-with-Disa-crassicornis

Christeen Grant – Sitamani

Recently I heard a snippet of information, December in KwaZulu-Natal statistically has a cooler average temperature than November. That seems to be true this year, combined with being in the ‘mist-belt’, there have been many rainy overcast days and nights when we haven’t seen the sun, moon or stars. For the wildflowers on our hillsides it has been perfect and they have blossomed profusely!

02 Cover Rocky Hillside IMG_2424

Some of the sparkling jewel-like flowers seen this month: Agapanthus campanulatus;

02 Cover Flower Watsonia Socuim & Agapanthus campanulatus IMG_2479

Aristea woodii,

Flower Aristea woodii IMG_2412

Asclepias albens,

Flower Asclepias albens P1020017

Cyanotis speciosa the aptly named Doll’s Powder-puff;

Flower Cyanotis speciosa IMG_2366

Dipcadi viride;

Flower Dipcadi viride IMG_2369

Eucomis autumnalis Pineapple lily, with it’s distinctive tuft of green leafy bracts topping the inflorescence, traditional medicinal uses include treatment of low backache, assisting in post-operative recovery and healing of fractures, as well as urinary disease, stomach ache, fevers, colic, syphilis and to facilitate childbirth.

Flower Eucomis autumnalis IMG_2460

Fewer ground orchids than usual in December but these were flowering Eulophia foliosa and

Flower Eulophia foliosa IMG_2387

Eulophia ovalis;

Flower Eulophia ovalis IMG_2467

dainty Geranium schlecteri;

Flower Geranium schlecteri IMG_2473

Hypoxis parvula;

Flower Hypoxis parvula P1020008

Indigofera alpina (a new ID);

Flower Indigofera alpina IMG_2413

Papaver aculeatum;

Flower Papaver aculeatum IMG_2477

Pearsonia sessilifolia;

Flower Pearsonia sessilifolia IMG_2396

Pentanisia augustifolia;

Flower Pentanisia augustifolia IMG_2389

Senecio isatideus;

Flower Senecio isatideus IMG_2378

two sp. of Silene commonly known as Gunpowder Plants, as the seed capsules ‘explode’ when ripe, dispersing the fine black seeds, the flowers are open in the late afternoon or in dull light, quickly wilting in direct sun, Silene bellidioides

Flower Silene bellidioides IMG_2350

and Silene burchellii a very much smaller species with all the flowers held on one side of the flowering stem;

Flower Silene burchellii IMG_2376

Stachys aethiopica;

Flower Stachys aethiopica IMG_2362

Vernonia natalensis;

Flower Vernonia natalensis IMG_2402

Watsonia lepida;

Flower Watsonia lepida IMG_2384

Zaluzianskya elongata (another new ID)

Flower Zaluzianskya elongata IMG_2416

and Zantedeschia albomaculata the Spotted-leaved Arum.

Flower Zantedeschia albomaculata IMG_2436

A very attractive Mushroom grew rapidly in the damp conditions.

Fungi IMG_2341

A Cicada nymphal skin remained attached to the shade-cloth and just below a newly emerged Cicada waited to ‘harden’ before flying off to join the earsplitting chorus in the tree above.

Insect Cicada nymphal skin IMG_2356

Insect Cicada P1010985A surprise sighting of a Pamphagidae Transvaaliana playing hide and seek in the long grass.

Insect Pamphagidae Transvaaliana draconis IMG_2382

One early morning a Bladder Grasshopper Pneumora inanis was spotted on the lawn, it’s distinctive loud call, a screech followed by repeated ‘khonia’ is a typically Summer sound!

Insect Bladder Grasshopper Pneumora inanis P1020211

Two moths caught my eye, Plume Moth sp.

Insect Moth Plume Moth sp IMG_2401

and a Translucent Ermine.

Insect Moth Translucent Ermine IMG_2440

A delightful Bee fly Australoechus hirtus flitted from flower to flower, resting very briefly on a stone.

Insect Bee fly Australoechus hirtus IMG_2478

A vibrantly striped caterpillar munched hungrily on it’s favourite, Albuca flowers.

Insect caterpillar IMG_2372

Many Millipedes and Pill Millipedes track their many footed way.

Invertebrate Millipede  P1010954

Invertebrate Pill millipede IMG_2347

On dewy mornings the tall grass is festooned with sparkling webs, the underside view of this tiny (3mm) Orb-Web spider waiting patiently in the centre of it’s web.

Spider Orb-Web Spider IMG_2358

On a walk through the grasses I spotted a tiny juvenile Striped skink sunning on a rock.

Reptile Striped skink juvenile IMG_2391

Beneath shrubs and trees there is evidence in empty eggshells that baby birds are hatching, and high-pitched calls seem to echo through the garden. The frenetic parents clear the ‘nightly crop’ of moths that settle near the light outside the kitchen. The Striped Swallows haven’t managed to make their dabbed nest ‘stick’ this year.

Bird Striped Swallow IMG_2439

One evening I watched a duiker eating fallen plums. Compressed ‘beds’ in the grass show where the Reedbuck rest during the day.02 Cover Flower Watsonia Socuim & Agapanthus campanulatus IMG_2479

 

Threatened Plant Species – Brunsvigia undulata

AMARYLLIDACEAE Brunsvigia undulata [Rare]

Bulbous plant up to 800 mm, found in grassland near exposed rocks at Mahaqwa Mountain, Nottingham Road and south of Estcourt. Leaves are upright, about 15, in a fan, shiny blue-grey-green, margins wavy to tightly wavy, produced with flowers.

Photo by Peter Warren

Photo by Peter Warren

It has 35-80 flowers in the inflorescence during January to February. The stem is rigid and strong, bracts are leathery; flowers deep red, tepal lobes recurved, stalks upright – about 300 mm.

Photo by Peter Warren

Photo by Peter Warren

If you have seen this plant, please contact Suvarna Parbhoo, CREW programme: KZN Node Manager s.parbhoo@sanbi.org.za

References

POOLEY, E. (2005) a field guide to wildflowers KwaZulu-Natal and the eastern region. Natal Flora Publications Trust. Durban. p.38

Snijman, D.A. & Victor, J.E. 2004. Brunsvigia undulata F.M.Leight. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2014.1. Accessed on 2014/11/28

Photo by Boston CREW

Photo by Boston CREW

This information is complied by CREW KZN Node.  To view other Threatened plants in this series, go to the Midlands Conservancies Forum website: http://www.midlandsconservancies.org.za/threatenedplants/tplants.php